Physical relevance of the kLa data measured by the dynamic pressure (DPM) and the classical dynamic methods (CDMs) were tested experimentally and was found that the CDM seriously underestimates the data in the pilot plant vessel for kLa > 0.03 s−1.
However, since the false negative rate is underestimated in data subject to verification bias, we cannot be certain that resampling methods will sample from the true distribution of false negatives, in particular when the diagnostic test has a continuous distribution.
The GPS data may have underestimated daily in-vehicle travel time since daily averages were calculated using data on valid GPS days with ≥50% data completeness.
By doing so, we likely missed some in-vehicle travel events during the time with no GPS data and thus underestimated total in-vehicle travel time.
Moreover, the proportion of suicidal acts involving pesticides is likely to be underestimated as data are largely absent in rural areas where pesticides are easily accessible and likely to be a commonly used suicide method.
GBD2010 ranked migraine as the seventh highest specific cause of disability in the world [1, 2], but this was an underestimate: data gathered since, and included in the subsequent Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 GBD20133), elevated it to sixth [4].
Attached solitary corals can also often be found in clusters (pers. obs)., and so their influence to an ecosystem is likely to be underestimated in presence/absence data.
The Chytridiomycota and Glomeromycota were probably underestimated in our data.
Furthermore, given the difficulties for respondents in estimating income losses (especially for agricultural production), it is possible that these are underestimated in our data.
The 1q duplication, which would have been considered as MM mSMART intermediate risk, is underestimated in this data set since it was not part of the standard clinical probe set.
Rates of CMV testing may be further underestimated in claims data if providers bill for CMV testing as part of a bundled claim for comprehensive prenatal care services under global billing rather than with a CMV-specific code.
