While such lawsuits can be expensive and time-consuming, media coverage has the potential to influence public opinion and "perhaps to further inoculate the public about industry efforts to deliberately mislead them". The authors also describe how an improved understanding of these networks has helped in the legal defense of climate scientists who have come under attack for their research.
When a student comes under attack for their research work, the question of responsibility becomes acute.
The authors retain the copyright, under which their research can be made accessible to the public at large.
Since 1985, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) Pre-doctoral Program has welcomed graduate students from universities around the world interested in carrying out all or part of their research under the guidance of SAO Scientists.
After returning to their home institutions, students in the workshop will continue to use this facility to work on their research projects under the direction of their academic advisors and the senior members of the workshop projects.
In many instances, funding levels are among the key determinants for academic evaluations and success, and, as described by Stephen Quake have made universities "place their research agendas under the whims of external funding agencies" [ 15].
Under steady attack after their seminal research was found to be riddled with errors, Harvard economists Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff are making a show of backing away from the austerity that their research encouraged.
These programs provide opportunities for U.S. researchers to conduct cooperative research under their host researchers.
As the pace of discovery for blockbuster new drugs has slowed in recent decades, all of the big pharmaceutical companies have come under pressure to trim their research budgets and pursue more effective ways of developing products, such as teaming up with innovative startups.
The remaining time is spent on campus, advancing their research under the guidance of their academic supervisors.
He had so far guided 52 students for their Ph.D. degrees, and some more students are pursuing their research under his guidance.
