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Exact(23)
This framework fits well under the sample selection (Heckman correction) specification introduced by Heckman (1979).
Under the sample, there is a hollow base where the lead wires protrude for connecting to an external power supply.
In case of CIGS, magnitude of current showed about 2 nA under the sample external voltage of 0.2 V[27].
A carbonaceous layer filled with up to 25 at.% of agglomerated metal particles is formed under the sample surface.
Force and deceleration at impact are recorded at 50,000 samples s−1 by a force transducer under the sample and an accelerometer on the impactor.
The nickel plate under the sample was partly oxidized after sintering, and therefore, nickel oxygen reactions should have controlled fO2 in the furnace.
Similar(36)
First, a Euler approximate discrete model is used to describe the plant under the sampling.
System (1) is derived by discretizing the original continuous-time system under the sampling period h.
For second-order system dynamics under the sampled-data setting, we convert the consensus problem to the stability analysis of the equivalent error system dynamics.
With first-order dynamics under the sampled-data setting, we first convert the original system into a reduced-order one featuring the error dynamics.
Once SFD is fitted based on FOF data, RAD and transcriptome diversity S are determined simultaneously under the sampling model.
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