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Under the proportion model, the e ij and e i are residuals (e i then vanishes in equation A4 because the sum of residuals within groups equals zero).
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In a likelihood ratio test (LRT) the Independent model is compared with a model containing a proportion of sites evolving under the Independent model and a proportion of sites evolving under the Dependent model with the same branch lengths and rate parameters, the only difference being the scaling parameters and the proportion of sites.
Pobs, observed P values using Pearson's Chi-square tests; Padj, adjusted P values using multivariable logistic regression analyses after adjustment for sex, age and ancestry proportion under the additive model; Pemp, empirical P values using permutation-based tests to correct for multiple testing.
Under the reductionist model only a proportion benefit, that proportion being the estimate of the relative risk reduction.
Under our model, the proportion of TB cases attributable to recent transmission has substantially decreased since the 1970s.
The proportion of sites under the Dependent model was 0.25, 0.5 or 0.75 and the strength of signal fell under three different scenarios.
Among doctors under investigation, the proportion of variance in OSCE performance increased from 13 to 17% when qualification year was added to the model (Table 6).
In this test the null model (D f ) is the Dependent model (along with a proportion of sites under the Independent model) with the scale parameters set to be equal but not fixed to a value of one as in the Independent model.
Under the admixture model, the posterior probability approximates the proportion of each individual's genome that is derived from each species [62].
Under this relaxed molecular clock model the proportion of times from internal nodes to the ingroup root node – the root when we exclude the outgroup and then reroot the tree – are robust to time scaling [57].
* P-value < 0.001; †P-value = 0.007 The present study used 2009 population data and the two model variables (the proportion under age 15 years and the life expectancy) to calculate a "predicted" (the norm) PD for a country.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com