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As expected, the cost per case detected varied significantly for strategies 3, 4 and 5. Importantly, the output was more robust under the prevalence of 4.0% than under 1.0%.
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Though it's often under-diagnosed and under-treated, the prevalence of the disease in men is expected to rise.
It is therefore possible that the current study has under-estimated the prevalence of IPV and consequently under-estimated the strengths of the associations between IPV and the socio-demographic factors.
Indeed, previous studies have suggested that the group with the highest prevalence of knee ROA is the oldest women [ 4] and as this group is under-represented in the CAS K) cohort, the direction of our selection bias would be to under-estimate the prevalence of knee ROA among the women thereby leading to an apparently higher prevalence in men in this age group.
Findings from the study likely under-represent the prevalence of fathers in visiting relationships.
These factors may contribute to under-reporting the prevalence of P. plica infection in wild carnivores.
This may under-estimate the prevalence of CKD as calculated by the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations.
We did not include diagnostic codes for CKD as these under-report the prevalence of CKD [ 39].
Self-reported measures may under-represent the prevalence of the disease due to recall bias, or may over-represent prevalence due to a misunderstanding of the survey question.
While it is hard to know if single item assessments are under-estimating the prevalence or if the behavioural assessments are inflating rates, an assessment bias clearly exists.
If there was marked under-reporting, the prevalence of falling could be even more widespread than found and falls incidence rates even higher.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com