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(3) Figure 1 One-dimensional bar model under the impact load.
In the subsurface layer, several slip lines can be observed because of dislocation slips under the impact load (Fig. 11c).
Furthermore, the maximum of the COF under the impact load is significantly lower than that for the stable contact friction.
With the impact and sliding velocities increase, the maximum COF under the impact load experiences a slight increase and reaches a maximum value of approximately 0.36.
The results of impact adhesion test under the impact load of 2.5 kgf showed that the indentation cavity volume and circular cracks of TiN coating were greatly reduced with increasing the thickness of Ti buffer layer.
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Also, the crushing force is more stable under the impact loading.
Hence, the study on life prediction of TBM cutterhead under the impact loads is a core part of cutterhead design.
The triangular tubes with multi-cell were first studied on the aspects of theoretical prediction and crashworthiness optimization design under the impact loading.
To measure the mode I fracture energy under the impact loading condition in another manner, a falling-wedge impact test machine using a DCB specimen was proposed by Xu et al. [6].
In this study, DCB tests under the impact loading condition were conducted to evaluate the fracture energy G IC in comparison with the results of the quasi-static condition.
After the experimental study, finite element analyses of the tested beams are also conducted by using commonly used finite element software to observe the stress distribution under the impact loading.
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