Box-girder analysis and design should take into consideration stresses due to longitudinal bending moment, shear force, torsion, distortion, shear-lag and transverse bending as well as instability of the flange under compression and web under shear as plates and stiffened panels.
Under such conditions, one can hardly simulate the typical elevation of a denture flange on the balancing side; in contrast, the pressures recorded under the balancing flange, being absent in vivo, are higher than on the working side.
The analysed problem is very complex with the girder carrying capacity loss due to buckling of the web under the loaded flange.
An experimental test series was carried out on unstiffened top coped beam ends that were subjected to reaction forces under the bottom flange.
The distributions of the stress intensity in the flange body were analyzed under various design load cases during normal operation.
The methodology is based on the plastic collapse mechanism observed experimentally, in which yield lines are formed in both the flange and the web under the action of the applied load.
The upper port flange based on the original design could withstand design loads, but the flange surface could be detached under the design condition.
To remove the snap ring insert a flat-head screwdriver under the ring to pry it open and off the flange.
