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Additionally, elevated K13 expression and NF-κB activity during tumor growth may be maintained under the constant selective pressure exerted by ongoing apoptosis and/or lytic replication, while the tumor is growing under harsh environmental conditions in vivo.
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This presents challenges for effective therapeutic intervention, given the constant selective pressure toward drug resistance.
Moreover, this enhanced promoter-mediated variability with the industrial variant improved survival of the population under constant selective conditions.
It is a well known fact that parasitism related genes important for the evasion of defensive systems of host and the corresponding genes in the host are under constant selective pressure favoring nucleotide subsitutions [ 18].
If M = 1, N = 3, then we have the evolution model under constant selective pressure considered in this paper.
According to this explanation, functional modules specializing in processing one of the multiple signals an organism could encounter emerges readily under a constant selective pressure.
In addition to the important physiological roles played by porins, these molecules are under constant selective pressure due to their recognition by the phages, colicins and the immune system.
The outcome of patient 3, who developed a systemic relapse with T315I and F317L mutations also demonstrates the possibility of evolving resistant mutations under constant selective pressure of long-lasting TKI treatment.
The genomes of modern cattle have been under constant selective pressure for a variety of traits valued by breeders, since domestication began nearly 14,000 years ago [ 1].
Indels are also less likely than substitutions to be selectively neutral and are proposed to be under constant selective pressure and are frequently deleterious [ 20].
A U-87 MG cell line containing a stably integrated destabilized EGFP (d1EGFP) transgene was produced by transfecting U-87 cells with the 4.9-kb pd1EGFP-N1 plasmid (BD Biosciences Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) and maintained under constant selective pressure by G418 (500 μg/mL).
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