The degree of adverse impact is represented by the loss ratio of traffic volume, which is 1 minus the ratio of the current traffic volume to the average traffic volume under normal conditions.
In this study, ( DR_{i} left( {P_{i} left( t right)} right) ) represents the direct impact suffered by city ( i ), which is the ratio of the lost traffic volume at time t to the average traffic volume under normal conditions.
where is the average traffic rate for connection.
Apart from traffic density that we can have a direct measurement, we estimate the average of traffic velocity and traffic flow rate using traffic model.
The highway's lowest monthly traffic is in late winter, when the average monthly traffic is only about 6,000.
This is expressed in terms of average annual daily traffic (AADT), which is a measure of the average daily traffic volume on a particular road.
The company said today that last week its average traffic had fallen to seven million visitors a day.
The average daily traffic on the L.I.E. in 2008 was down 1.93percentt from 2007.
Fig. 16 The average network traffic.
Last is the average of traffic flow rate.
