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Given these theoretical results, we expect mutational robustness to be typically weakly selected while environmental robustness should be under strong selection [10], [13], [16], [19] [22].
A. Once mate choice identifies a trait as informative about something, that trait is going to be under strong selection to amplify its appearance.
Regions under strong selection in the human genome identify noncoding regulatory elements with possible roles in disease.
In a population, diversity of the loci under strong selection is significantly lower than that of other loci.
Traits not under strong selection may require even higher density SNP arrays.
This variation may seem surprising, as sperm should always be under strong selection to fertilize eggs.
These results demonstrate that non-segregating traits under strong selection are equally tractable to genetic analysis using small sample numbers.
In an antagonistic co-evolutionary arms race between host and pathogen, PCWDEs could be under strong selection.
Intertidal exposure is tied in the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides to variation in allele frequencies at allozymes under strong selection, but does not alter mtDNA frequencies [54].
Brachycephaly has been under strong selection as a breed-defining characteristic and was probably fixed either before or soon after the breeds were artificially created.
In fact, even marginal increases in mutation rate are capable of overwhelming purging in obligate selfing populations under strong selection against mutation accumulation [14].
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