Both the circumferential CFRP strains and confined concrete compressive stress significantly decreased with the increasing predamage level under peak load states.
The voltage profiles and power losses of the 4 islands under peak load conditions (Island 1 and 3 at 11 00, Island 2 at 15:45, Island 4 at 14 00) are shown in Fig. 9.
It has been shown theoretically, that by cooling the air within the tunnels by 9K, the temperature in the typical carriage operating under peak load conditions will reduce by approximately 6K to a much more acceptable level.
We acquired sequential data for each specimen before loading, under peak loading, and after removal of the loading.
We further examined emission spectral changes at the notch area before loading, under peak loading, and after removal of the loading, while keeping the same experiment conditions and the same pumping power at 80 mW.
The smooth casting surface leads to larger deformation at peak load under monotonic loading and at failure under fatigue loading than the corresponding values for beams with a rough casting surface.
The results also indicated that AE entropy is available for identifying the transition in stress condition from plane strain to plane stress state of specimens under high peak load.
Under the peak loading (i.e. 2.0 lbs), the random laser emission peaks (the red curve) is clearly shifted to the left by ~0.55 nm.
We also performed digital image correlation (DIC) analysis on the bone specimen immersed in the ethanol solution to estimate strain under the peak loading [ 16].
However, the emission spectrum under the peak loading possessed the same number of the laser emission peaks and the similar spacing among the laser emission peaks, while the overall spectral shape was slightly shifted to the shorter wavelength.
Collectively, our results strongly support that the idea that the spectral shift in the lasing emission under the peak loading was caused by subtle structural alterations at the extremely small strain.
