A microfabricated test vehicle proves that this new topology can achieve an improved latching property under low forces.
Previous stiffness measurements were obtained under low forces and cell deformations such that cell mechanical properties remained in the linear range.
The SNARE reassembly processes observed in our experiments under low forces generally do not show any intermediates, because the lifetime of the half-zippered state is too short to be detected by our machine as is expected.
A first nonlinear region, the so-called 'toe region', is described as collagen fibres, which are arranged in varying degrees of crimp, easily extend under low axial forces [26, 27, 28].
This is the first report that described the formation of a biofilm by A. pleuropneumoniae under low shear force and in a continuous flow system.
We have previously shown that single touch AFM provides a low force method to image oligomers with high resolution under hydrated conditions.
Red, high force; blue, low force.
Furthermore, A. pleuropneumoniae can form a biofilm under low-shear force in a drip-flow apparatus and analyses indicated that the formation of a biofilm under low-shear force requires a different sub-set of genes than a biofilm grown under static conditions.
Transcriptional analyses also indicated that the formation of a biofilm under low-shear force requires a different sub-set of genes than a biofilm grown under static conditions.
Recently, our group demonstrated that A. pleuropneumoniae can form a biofilm on a glass slide under low-shear force in a drip-flow apparatus [ 10].
Furthermore, A. pleuropneumoniae can form a robust biofilm under low-shear force in a drip-flow apparatus and this helps to overcome the limitation of a microtiter plate for future biofilm studies.
