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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
under established
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "under established" is not correct and does not convey a clear meaning in written English.
It may be intended to refer to something that is governed by established rules or norms, but it lacks clarity without additional context. Example: "The procedures must be followed under established guidelines to ensure compliance."
⚠ May contain grammatical issues
Science
News & Media
Formal & Business
Alternative expressions(3)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
36 human-written examples
"I think that under established equal protection law, they have strong claims," Mr. Chemerinsky said.
News & Media
The purposes, under established law, are various: recreation, preservation, resource development.
News & Media
"This court has no jurisdiction under established Connecticut law to do any of the things The New York Times has asked it to do," he said.
News & Media
The Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled last year that he was entitled to a Miranda warning, under established law.
News & Media
For four decades, he has been consistently diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic, which should categorically exclude him from the possibility of execution under established Supreme Court precedent.
News & Media
Under established trademark law, confusion is presumed as a matter of law, regardless of whether Google itself is the supplier of the counterfeit goods.
News & Media
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
20 human-written examples
The report itself was filed under seal and was not released publicly, under procedures established under the independent counsel law that give those named in the report a chance to respond.
News & Media
Under rules established by the Beijing Organizing Committee, the tickets cannot be resold by commercial brokers.
News & Media
They invest the money on the employees' behalf under rules established by the regulator.
News & Media
Since then, Dan Cole, David Wilson and Paul Doran-Jones, all of whom are 25 or under, have established themselves in the senior England squad.
News & Media
Marketing perfume under an established designer's name was a novel approach, and it proved immensely successful.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When aiming for clarity and grammatical accuracy, replace "under established" with alternatives like "according to established" or "in accordance with established".
Common error
Avoid using "under" when "according to" or "in accordance with" better convey the intended meaning. "Under" typically relates to a position or state, while "according to" indicates adherence to a standard.
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
2.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "under established" functions as a prepositional phrase, but its grammatical role is often weak. As Ludwig AI points out, it often requires a clearer and more precise preposition for accuracy. Consider the surrounding words when aiming for clear and correct writing.
Frequent in
Science
32%
News & Media
32%
Formal & Business
13%
Less common in
Encyclopedias
4%
Wiki
4%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, while the phrase "under established" appears with some frequency, Ludwig AI indicates that it is often grammatically weak. It typically intends to convey adherence to existing rules or norms but lacks precision. As such, it's best practice to replace it with clearer alternatives like "according to established" or "in accordance with established". These alternatives enhance clarity and ensure grammatical correctness, particularly in formal or professional contexts. Be mindful of the intended meaning and select the most appropriate preposition to convey it accurately.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
according to established
This alternative replaces "under" with "according to", creating a grammatically correct and clearer expression.
in accordance with established
This phrase provides a more formal and precise alternative, suitable for legal or official contexts.
pursuant to established
Similar to "in accordance with", this option is often used in legal and regulatory settings.
following established
This alternative emphasizes adherence to a set of predefined rules or guidelines.
as per established
This phrase is a more concise and informal way of saying "according to established".
based on established
This suggests that something is grounded in or derived from existing principles or norms.
guided by established
This alternative indicates that a process or decision is being directed by existing guidelines.
governed by established
This implies that something is regulated or controlled by existing rules.
subject to established
This alternative conveys that something is conditional upon existing regulations.
within established
This suggests that something is operating or existing within the boundaries of existing rules or norms.
FAQs
What's a better way to say "under established"?
Instead of "under established", use phrases like "according to established", "in accordance with established", or "pursuant to established" for clearer and grammatically correct expressions.
Is "under established" grammatically correct?
While the phrase "under established" appears in some contexts, it's generally considered grammatically weak. Alternatives such as "according to established" are preferred.
When should I use "according to established" instead of "under established"?
Use "according to established" when you want to indicate that something follows or is in agreement with existing rules, laws, or norms. The phrase "under established" is less precise and can be ambiguous.
What's the difference between "under established" and "based on established"?
"Based on established" suggests that something is founded or derived from existing principles or information. "Under established" is typically less appropriate; using alternatives such as "according to established" is better.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
84%
Authority and reliability
2.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested