As mentioned in Section 3, in the stationary model under discounted reward, suggested policies can be evaluated analytically, with a closed form solution.
Undecidability is established for policy-existence problems for partially observable infinite-horizon Markov decision processes under discounted and undiscounted total reward models, average-reward models, and state-avoidance models.
We find that under discounted conditions, network flow is re-routed to take advantage of the cost savings for amalgamation and that several cities emerge as centers through which large amounts of flow pass.
Lilly estimated that patients taking Evista, for example, would save more than $600 a year under the discount program.
Of the 108 trillion yen $926 billionn) of total assets in the banking system, only 700 billion yen ($6 billion) is lent to banks by the Bank of Japan under the discount rate, Mr. Feldman said.
The average rotation periods under these discount rates were 70, 59 and 54 years, respectively.
Since plantation forestry under this discount rate is unprofitable, there is an annual net benefit, £11,400, in not replanting.
This paper introduces an analytical model to determine optimal life-cycle cost under different discount factors (i.e., interest rates) and inflation rates.
Initial natural gas price versus NPV (b), well EUR versus NPV (c), well EUR versus payback time under a discount rate of 10%% (d), discount rate versus NPV; and initial gas price versus payback time under a discount rate of 10%% (f).
Figure 6a shows monthly and cumulative natural gas sales and Fig. 6b shows the cumulative present value of cash flows under different discount rates with a payback period of about 11 years.
