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Grain boundary oxidation and cracking was identified as the major cause for the decrease in fatigue life under compressive hold.
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In accordance with other results published in the literature, compressive holding periods were found more deleterious than tensile ones, i.e. fatigue lifetimes were more severely reduced under compressive holding periods than under tensile holds.
Fundamental differences in the crack propagation mechanisms have also been discovered under the influence of the compressive hold time.
In order to elucidate the damage mechanisms under complex loading waveforms, an additional series of tests with both tensile and compressive hold times are carried out at a given total strain range of 2.0%.
The drop in fatigue life was more for hold time fatigue tests conducted with compressive hold.
The opposite mean stress develops during tensile and compressive hold tests.
With a compressive hold time, the crack could only propagate in approximately one twinning plate.
Moreover, an empirical formula was derived which can represent the life reduction in compressive hold tests as a function of pure fatigue life and hold time.
Cyclic bending combined with a static tensile holding generally generates more damages and a smaller number of cycles to failure than does that combined with a compressive holding, neutral holding, or no holding.
Adhesive strength was superior under compressive conditions compared to no compression.
Conventional concentric braces buckle under compressive loading.
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