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The two most common motifs among the eleven species are under a positive selection pressure.
Evolution of functional TFBS sequences is strongly non-neutral [ 11, 28] and under a positive selection [ 29], which makes it difficult to calculate the rate of TFBS evolution.
The A3 genes of primates, rodents, felids, horses and pigs have been described to be under a positive selection [ 15, 16, 50- 53].
More than 50% of sites for both motifs analyzed across species were under a positive selection (dN/dS > 1), suggesting a weak selection pressure on these EST-SSR motifs, as was reported for other species [ 52, 53].
Their results suggest that the cetacean Hr gene has experienced a significant relaxation of functional constraints during its evolution from terrestrial mammals and subsequent diversification, and probably lost its function, whereas the FGF5 was under a positive selection regime.
Five of these STAND proteins correspond to the previously identified NWD proteins (NWD1, NWD2, NWD5, HNWD1, and HET-D), which share strongly conserved WD-repeats that evolve by concerted evolution and under a positive selection regimen (Paoletti et al. 2007).
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A significantly high Fay & Wu's H (8.62 for 12 SNPs, P = 0.0001 assuming the standard neutral model) suggested a hitchhiking effect under a recent positive selection.
It has been shown that these proteins are under a strong positive selection [24] and can thus escape in silico analyses.
Thus, a gene under purifying selection will evolve at a slower rate than a gene under positive selection.
In this latter test, a locus under positive selection is supposed to have a polymorphism/divergence ratio smaller than that of a neutral one.
Like the present study, Haygood et al. (2004) looked at the fixation probability of a transgene under positive selection, though they did this in a single-population system.
More suggestions(15)
under a directional selection
under a negative selection
under a common selection
under a small selection
under a continuous selection
under a different selection
under a major selection
under a 'null selection
under a differential selection
under a wide selection
under a positive bias
under a positive field
under a positive association
under a positive mean
under a positive R-ratio
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