Sentence examples for under a normal load from inspiring English sources

Frictional heating was significant for tribo-testing performed under a normal load of 5 N under dry sliding conditions.

The tribological properties could also be improved, and are similar to TaN Ag under a normal load of 5 N.

If the system is observed under a normal load of usage before and after the change, fluctuations in the nature of the load may wipe out the effect to be measured.

In addition, the V-Al-C-N nanocomposite coatings showed low wear rate (< 1.5 × 10− 16 m3/Nm) under a normal load of 10 N.

At zero bias voltage, amorphous BC2N films with atomically smooth surface could be obtained, and the microfriction coefficient was 0.11 under a normal load of 1000 μN.

Testing under a normal load of 6 mN resulted in slight grooving at the layer surface; however, in-situ profiling of the scratch trace showed no evidence of failure.

A new mathematical model describing the dynamic response of a frictionally constrained system under the influence of a normal load is developed.

The contact interaction of two elastic solids of identical materials, one of which possesses a sloping surface groove of small depth, under simultaneous application of a normal load and a proportional shear load is studied without involvement of the incremental approach.

Open image in new window Fig. 6 Shear test TW-CNL-15 performed on a wet shale steel interface under a constant normal load CNL (5, 10 and 12 MPa): a shear stress versus shear displacement, b normal stress versus normal displacement, c normal displacement versus shear displacement, d mobilized friction coefficient versus shear displacement.

Specifically, a steel ball is caused to slide over a poly methylmethacrylate) flat counterface under a fixed normal load where the imposed motions are small and consist of sliding and rotation and the combination of both.

Firstly, scratching was performed on the Si/Si3N4 sample by a spherical diamond tip under a proper normal load (Figure 1a).