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Using a discrete element method, we simulate simple shear flows in 3D under a constant confining pressure of 10 kPa.
Under a constant confining stress condition, the changes in permeability for each of the eight cores during the pressure depletion process are also similar.
Under a constant confining stress condition, the changes in permeability for each of the eight cores during the pressure increase process are similar.
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Gas (nitrogen) permeability was measured before and after deformation at a constant confining pressure of 1 MPa.
Under constant confining and axial stresses, the effective stress decreases with the increase of methane pressure, and permeability initially drops and then rebounds with continuous methane injection.
Permeability of the chosen samples was measured under triaxial loading conditions at constant confining stress of 4000 psi.
A modified triaxial Hoek cell (usually used for testing the strength of rock samples under radial confining pressure) was used to facilitate application of a "constant radial confining pressure" to the grouted sample while pulling the bolt axially through the cement annulus.
(3) A cyclic test (18 cycles) at constant confining pressure and constant pore pressure: In this test, confining pressure and pore pressure were kept constant (σ3 = 55 MPa, pore pressure =80% of σ3).
Constant confining pressure was applied with a hydraulic pump on the core holder to avoid annular flow and wall effects.
It should be conducted, he said, "under a constant, militant sense of skepticism".
"I have been under a constant bit of pressure," he says.
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