We face vague probabilities.
This method, however, has the disadvantage of leaving the class probabilities undefined and of giving equal performance marks to points that are at different distances away from their corresponding assigned clusters.
If P(B) = 0, then the ratio in the definition of conditional probability is undefined.
Note, however, that α and β are not independent parameters, but depend on r and q, and that probabilities are undefined for r = 0 or q = 0.
Note again that that probabilities are undefined for r = 0 or q = 0, but that limits for r = 0 can be found by setting r = 0 in the original pr, pg, py, and pb and eliminating parameters again, resulting in the following equations: lim r → 0 p r e = 0 lim r → 0 p g e = 0 lim r → 0 p y e = 2 − α 4 lim r → 0 p b e = 2 + α 4. Note again that α = β in this case.
A random haplotype was picked from the remaining undefined haplotype frequencies (with equal probability).
Since the range of C is infinite, McGrew et al. conclude that there is no sense in which life-friendly universes are improbable; the probabilities are mathematically undefined.
The final class, undefined triggers, has very low item response probabilities, between 1 and 47 % for all items except moving quickly or when things move quickly around you (73%% "yes" response).
However, perhaps you could rationally fail to assign it a probability — your probability that God exists could remain undefined.
With a quantitative likelihood statistic, a zero match probability is not meaningful, e.g., it has an undefined logarithm.
