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Notably, density isosurfaces within the unconstrained model are mostly near-vertical (Fig. 5b).
Accordingly, our R2 is 0.404 for unconstrained model and 0.288 for the constrained model.
The Chi square value for the unconstrained model was 22.72 with df = 2.
The result of this unconstrained model can be interpreted on its own.
Full-rank unconstrained model with NMF was further introduced by Arberet et al. to account for reverberant conditions [21, 22].
A constrained 2TCM did not provide a clear advantage for V T estimation over the unconstrained model.
This unconstrained model assumes a linear combination of the covariate effects and due to the log-link, the effects act multiplicative exponentially on tree height.
Moreover, for all the monotonicity constraints a validation of the assumptions will be conducted based on the corresponding unconstrained model effects.
Adding the variable coefficients proposed in the GAM model h2 improves the unconstrained model h1, although to a lesser extent that it does in case of the SCAMs.
Furthermore, from the perspective of geologic structure, the unconstrained model does not provide a reliable representation of the orientation and throw of faults (Fig. 6).
In the next step, metric invariance (the same factor loadings across times, also called weak factorial invariance) was calculated and compared with the unconstrained model.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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