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In case of small samples, greater differences in sample sizes, large but unbalanced groups, data sets containing ties, or sparse data, tests were carried out in an exact version.
While this chapter is not exhaustive, it highlights six major and common threats that journal editors may face: unbalanced groups, duration bias, imperfect compliance, attrition, spillover effects, and behavioral responses.
While Leone et al. [45] found that de-escalation was inferior to continuation of the initial antibiotic therapy (length of stay as the primary outcome parameter), the study had important limitations (small numbers of patients and unbalanced groups at baseline; patients were younger and had lower disease severity).
In this model population, unbalanced groups with frequently heterogeneous variances in their phenotypic properties are found.
Results from simulations and the application to biodiversity research show how standard methods for multiple group comparison may fail under biologically realistic scenarios of heteroscedasticity and unbalanced groups, whereas the here presented method appears to be appropriate for such scenarios even in the situation of non-normal data.
Given the unbalanced groups, a Mann-Whitney U test was performed (Table 2).
Similar(41)
"Bringing in another group of 30 students only from the district will create an unbalanced group at the school".
The curators make the most of this historically unbalanced group, however, sketching out a pragmatically loose chronology.
Unfortunately, unequal variances, non-normal data and unbalanced group sizes are realistic and hardly avoidable situations in biological research.
Thus, the here presented procedure works well under biologically realistic scenarios of unbalanced group sizes, non-normality and heteroscedasticity.
We chose unbalanced group sizes with a ratio of 2∶1 for active vs. placebo treatment to allow as many study participants as possible to potentially benefit from the active treatment and to permit sub-group analyses of efficacy by antibody response.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com