Cities, countries, and regions are working to limit the magnitude of climate change by lowering carbon dioxide emissions as well as to adapt to the unavoidable impacts of future climate change.
One tool being developed to deal with the residual impacts is the biodiversity offset, wherein a company finances conservation project(s) that compensate for the unavoidable impacts of its operations, so there is no overall negative effect on biodiversity [ 3, 4].
For that reason, the project would have an unavoidable impact on the surrounding areas.
But are they looking forward to, and planning for, the now-unavoidable impacts of climate change as they design new multi-billion dollar infrastructure investments?
The amount of warming will depend on future emissions but even if emissions are cut quickly and sharply to avoid dangerous levels of climate change, there will be some unavoidable impacts that the UK will have to adapt to.
The oil and gas agency also released its environmental impact report that concluded fracking could have "significant and unavoidable impacts" on a number of fronts, including air quality, greenhouse gas emissions and public safety.
And we need to begin the process of adapting to unavoidable impacts through smarter land-use and water-use planning.
Second, it has made the climate impacts of the pipeline unavoidable.
But that should be matched by a more ambitious and faster-moving effort to adapt the planet to unavoidable impacts.
For unavoidable impacts, environmental agencies have proposed compensatory mitigation measures that are not intended to restore the original state of the system, but rather act to compensate for the generated loss by enhancing its global functioning [1].
