However, they also have significant limitations, such as the unavailability of tests for monitoring their anticoagulant effectiveness, the absence of antidotes to reverse their effect, their renal clearance, some potential adverse effects and their higher cost (the cost per day of treatment with NOACs far outweighs that of VKAs, including monitoring costs).
The sire's hearing status was unknown for the other dogs as the study data were collected over 12 years, and early data were incomplete regarding the deafness status of sires and dams due to the previous unavailability of BAER testing facilities in the region.
Many institutions did not have enough capacity to provide CD4 count testing for patients who tested HIV positive due to a) unavailability of CD4 count testing devices, b) frequent break-down of CD4 testing devices and c) shortage of required reagents to conduct CD4 cell count.
HIV testing was not offered to TB patients because of the unavailability of HIV testing and treatment in the study area at the time the study was conducted.
Despite their clinical importance, these SSc autoantibodies have not been utilized clinically because of the unavailability of antibody testing [ 7, 13].
Factors that lead to health workers' failure to give good quality services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission include their own fear of HIV infection; lack of knowledge on HIV and counselling skills; or high workloads and lack of staff; unavailability of HIV testing at commune level; shortage of antiretroviral drugs; and lack of operational guidelines.
These limitations include not finding and testing the swine until after peak virus shedding and the unavailability of swine for testing after terminal (mandatory harvest) swine exhibitions.
However, anti-Th/To has not been clinically utilized due to unavailability of commercial tests.
Unavailability of HIV test kits at the facility was the most common reason for a CaCx screening client not to be offered an HIV test (71% of 6,321 cases).
However, the remaining responses (17%) referred to the lack of staff to apply the guidelines, poor training, difficulty in accessing the documents (in Latin America only), and unavailability of diagnostic tests.
The weekend effect may also reflect lower quality of weekend clinical services for example, lower staffing levels, 17 18 the use of locum staff 19 or unavailability of some tests or procedures.
