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By reconstructing parsimony unambiguous gains and losses, we estimate an overall rate of gain of horizontally transferred genes of 12.8 (951–16.9, 95 % HPD) genes and rate of loss of 2.0 (0.954.1, 95 % HPD) genes per lineage per million years (Fig. 5, Additional file 1: Table S7).
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The unambiguous gain from sound taxation is higher output across the board, stemming from a more rational allocation of resources across competing uses.
For example, in mammalian genomes, no unambiguous intron gains have been identified (Roy et al. 2003).
In a statement earlier this week, the CBP said it requires Google to gain unambiguous consent from users to combine multiple privacy policies across its products — specifying that this consent cannot be gained by a general agreement to a privacy policy but must be done "via a clear permission screen".
Under GDPR, organisations will be required to gain unambiguous and informed consent from individuals in order to hold and use their data.
This consistency, combined with the principle of parsimony, allows the unambiguous assignment of evolutionary gains or losses of HSEs to specific periods in cladogenesis (Figures 2 9): (a) Multiple origins of unique HSEs.
Conventionally speaking, some COIs are "actual," with an unambiguous potential for financial gain (e.g., the reviewer holds stock in an entity likely to be affected by the relevant regulatory action).
The knowledge gained from the unambiguous relationships among the fracture planes and the orientations of the stresses can be applied for the analysis of risks at specific areas of high instability such as the Iva valley in Enugu and the Nigerian-Cameroon mountain range.
In contrast to previous attempts to identify intron loss and gain in Drosophila [ 19, 20], we chose the NIP approach instead of Dollo parsimony to restrict our analysis to introns for which the evidence of intron gain is more unambiguous.
We reconstructed gains that were parsimony unambiguous as those where a single gain of a foreign gene was more parsimonious than any other scenario.
Identification of a whole chromosome gain resulting in trisomy is generally unambiguous, since the AR displays a characteristic pattern reflecting AAB and ABB profiles (Fig. 2D) that shift away from the balanced ratio of 0.5.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com