These results suggest that performance appraisals based on well-defined unambiguous criteria will have less bias.
Key elements are clear objectives, controls that allow unambiguous interpretation, and avoidance of bias by proper randomization and appropriate blinding.
Intriguingly, the alleles within the NCO events show strong GC bias: For the two unambiguous events (haplotypes 10 and 12), GC alleles were transmitted at 9 out of 10 heterozygous AT/GC SNPs affected by NCO.
The exclusion of 1,712 patients who could have had either MoM or MoP bearings but were registered without unambiguous information on bearings may have led to information bias.
The materials included three sets of auditory prime words selected based on the pre-tests (i.e., 16 prime words with low ROMs, 16 prime words with high ROMs, and 16 unambiguous prime words) presented in sentential contexts that are biased toward the primary meanings of the ambiguous words.
Even taking such biases into account, our results appear considerably unambiguous and apparent.
Furthermore, requiring unambiguous assignment of reads to individual subfamilies will introduce a bias towards less conserved repeats, which will be assigned relatively higher counts.
Estimating isoform expression levels based solely on unambiguous reads, as suggested, e.g., in [ 2], results in splicing-dependent biases similar to the transcript-length bias noted in [ 11], further complicating the design of unbiased differential expression tests based on RNA-Seq data.
Powering studies for unambiguous endpoints such as mortality are preferable to those prone to bias, such as VAP, but require far larger numbers of patients.
1, 2 OS is an attractive endpoint due to its obvious clinical relevance, unambiguous definition, and ease of measurement that is not subject to assessment bias.
