Dimitris Livanios, a historian, says that idea of a manipulating "foreign finger" is a recurring motif in Greek affairs.The unprecedented prosperity enjoyed by most Greeks over the past decade helped to disguise some sentiments that were never far below the surface: ultra-leftism (including the violent sort which spills over into terrorism), ultranationalism and xenophobia.
The rallies were offered as an antidote the ultranationalism that killed Dink.
The murder instantly became a symbol of the racism and ultranationalism grinding at the core of Turkish society, a war against freedom of expression, and the complacency of Turkey's intellectuals.
"The country's political landscape still bears vestiges of violent leftist movements from the 1970s, as well as deeply anti-American ultranationalism," he wrote.
There is a deep and hostile racial and religious politics that is trying to redefine what it is to be French, in a country that feels as if it has lost its way — its place in Europe slipping, its moral leadership tainted by Islamophobia and ultranationalism.
"One of the most effective ways to combat the rising wave of anti-Semitism, racism and right-wing extremism in Hungary is to bring to justice those who were inspired to commit Holocaust crimes by the same ultranationalism that is once again rearing its ugly head in your country," he said.
The match was between Hajduk, from the Croatian city of Split on the Adriatic Sea, and Red Star Belgrade, which embodied the Yugoslav ideal by featuring players from each of its constituent parts but would later become steeped in Serbian ultranationalism.
In "Bellicose and Thuggish," Mr. Liu offers a disturbing analysis of the imperial and Maoist roots of today's ultranationalism, sprung from China's "underlying arrogance and self-centeredness," which, faced with Western technological superiority, is trapped "in a vicious cycle between self-abasement and self-aggrandizement".
On closer inspection, however, Mr. Breivik's worldview does not fit squarely into any of the established categories of right-wing ideology, like white supremacism, ultranationalism or Christian fundamentalism.
A nationalist backlash in Japan is in turn fanning nationalism in China, where the Communist Party has made ultranationalism the legitimating credo of its monopoly on power.
