He rejected all forms of idealism in philosophy and insisted that in principle all matter is quantifiable in mathematical terms, and this extends to the pains and pleasures that we experience the ultimate phenomena to which all human activity (and social concepts, such as rights, obligation, and duty) could be reduced and explained.
And what happens when there is a disconnect between clinical standards and decisions that cause the ultimate aging phenomenon: death?
For magazines and network television, reality stars are the ultimate supply-driven phenomenon: an endless supply of attention-seeking semistars to fill up pages and hours.
These days, they may also go looking for some old-fashioned patriotic brawling inside those cages, or octagons, of ultimate fighting, the phenomenon that seems to have found a niche — at least that's what I hear from people who know such things — as a cross between boxing and wrestling.
Bhāvavevika's second thesis is that at the level of ultimate truth, all phenomena are intrinsically unreal (niḥsvabhāvataḥ), therefore Madhyamaka rejects ultimately intrinsic reality.
For Mach, the most objectionable feature in Kant's philosophy was the doctrine of the Dinge an sich i.e., of the "thing in itself"—the ultimate entities underlying phenomena, which Kant had declared to be absolutely unknowable though they must nevertheless be conceived as partial causes of human perceptions.
That is, ultimate explanations of phenomena and of contingent entities can only rest in what itself requires no explanation.
Rarely do biologists assume only proximate or only ultimate causes explain phenomena; rarely do they assume only one proximate or ultimate cause instead, research in evolutionary biology typically seeks to disentangle the relative effects of these various causes.
The anti-essentialist position of rejecting an ultimate nature in phenomena enables a Mādhyamika, such as Śāntarakṣita in this case, to avoid the "extreme" of clinging to objects as permanent, or more precisely, as enduring for more than a moment.
