This will also affects the occurrence of ultimate shrinkage and creep strain values of concrete.
As shown in Fig. 10, the strength increase was deemed as the strength difference between the values of non-retrofit specimen and retrofitted specimen for the same displacement at the occurrence of ultimate strength increased after yield.
The applicability of numerical fracture analysis has been already verified through the comparisons of ultimate strength and curling occurrence between the test results conducted by Kuwamura et al. and FEA results.
However, further studies are needed to indentify proximate and ultimate determinants of EPP occurrence in the species.
To our knowledge, no study has yet investigated the longitudinal relation between a large set of distal and ultimate variables and the occurrence of multiple behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases among youth.
The comparison between occurrences of ultimate displacement and ultimate strain, in different cases studied, indicates that displacement based seismic verification approach gives slightly over design of the steel column.
The serviceability performance constraint ensures acceptable safety level against first plastic hinge occurrence, while the ultimate performance constraint ensures adequate safety against plastic collapse.
Risk assessment has been proposed as a primary method to evaluate EHS risk and decision making, where risk assessment practitioners seek to understand what can go wrong, its likelihood of occurrence, and the ultimate consequences if it should arise.
Of course, phylogenetic networks, like phylogenetic trees, will provide neither proximate nor ultimate causation for the evolutionary occurrences under study.
Due to interface slip occurrence, to evaluate the ultimate longitudinal shear stress between steel decking and concrete slab, full-scale tests are also required in this method to determine the degree of shear connection.
