The approach is both uniform and general, so the choice of the ultimate target language has little effect on the overall approach.
In his book The Audacity of Hope, Obama recalls that he once wrote an article for Time Magazine in which he said: "In Lincoln's rise from poverty, his ultimate mastery of language and law, his capacity to overcome personal loss and remain determined in the face of repeated defeat – in all this, he reminded me just... of my own struggles".
Even so, the ultimate elusiveness of language can cause machine-translation specialists to feel a touch of Weltschmerz.For example, although the NTT DoCoMo phone-call translator is fast and easy to use, it struggles even though it, too, uses a neural network with anything more demanding than pleasantries.
"In Lincoln's rise from poverty", Mr Obama wrote in Time in 2005, "his ultimate mastery of language and law, his capacity to overcome personal loss and remain determined in the face of repeated defeat in all this, he reminded me…of my own struggles," prompting Peggy Noonan, a conservative commentator, to quip that Mr Obama is "like Abraham Lincoln, only sort of better".
An early expression of the Neo-Confucian belief in the ultimate value of language and meaning was made by Hayashi Razan in the preface to his colloquial rendition of Chen Beixi's (1159-1223) The Meanings of Neo-Confucian Terms (Xingli ziyi).
In the same vein, another one-time observer from Taiwan who worked as a coordinator of a local Mandarin teacher certification program suggested in the debriefing time that Mandarin teachers' ultimate goal as language teacher in the United States is to reach the stage when "it looks chaotic, but everything is under control" and students are learning something under such seemingly chaotic situation.
Given the fact that the ICC is one of the key competences in the twenty-first century, so it is agreed that one of the ultimate goals in language training programs is to educate learners to become intercultural speakers who can deal with linguistic and cultural complexity and take part in multicultural situations (e.g., Deardoff, 2009; Jæger, 2001).
But its rich characterization, exuberant language, and ultimate ambiguity defy the conventions of genre.
But the ultimate success of Chinese language programs in this country depends on their institutionalization -- and that requires effective teacher training programs, certification processes at the state level, and financing.
