Special attention is paid to the comparison between the ultimate strength erosion, stemming from L D interaction, exhibited by web-stiffened and plain lipped channel columns (the latter were studied earlier by the authors).
This paper reports the results of a numerical investigation concerning the relevance and Direct Strength Method (DSM) prediction of the ultimate strength erosion caused by local-distortional-global (LDG) interaction in cold-formed steel fixed-ended lipped channel columns.
Special attention is paid to the comparison between the ultimate strength erosion, due to L-D interaction, occurring in the columns analysed in this work and the (i) "plain" cross-section (i.e., without intermediate stiffeners) and (ii) web-stiffened lipped columns investigated earlier by the authors.
Finally, the last part of the paper is devoted to the DSM prediction of those failure loads and uses the obtained "data bank" to assess whether the available design approaches are able to handle adequately the ultimate strength erosion caused by the triple interaction phenomenon under investigation – if this is not the case, new design curves must be developed.
Initially, column results are used to illustrate and help grasp some fundamental concepts, namely the characterisation of the (i) three above mode coupling phenomena, (ii) different sources of mode interaction that may cause ultimate strength erosion, (iii) global post-buckling behaviour and (iv) the most detrimental initial geometrical imperfections.
The ultimate manifestation of sensitivity is peat erosion, which is widespread in the uplands and may, in places, have been ongoing for several hundred years.
This confluence can explain a longstanding mystery: the ultimate origin of an episode of sediment erosion that geologists use to mark the division between two time periods, the Oligocene and Miocene.
Therefore, establishing a sustainable erosion mitigation with minimum impacts has been the ultimate goal to stabilize the area and also to create a calm beach safe enough for recreation and swimming.
99 Another study revealed contradicting data (keloid recurrence in 8 out of 10 patients treated with imiquimod 5%). 100 Thus additional studies may be necessary to further characterize the ultimate success rates and the side effect profile (eg, persisting inflammation, erosion, depigmentation) of this rather expensive approach for the reduction of recurrence rates after surgery of keloids.
The aim of this study is to identify combinations of these ratios for which L D interaction is relevant, in the sense that it affects visibly the column elastic and elastic plastic post-buckling behaviours, ultimate strength and failure mechanism – special attention is devoted to the ultimate strength erosion.
The ultimate fate of most islands, however, is to be drowned through subsidence and/or truncation by marine erosion.
