The league was actually a coalition of middle-class organizations, composed of town notables, ulama (men of religious learning), landlords, merchants, and petty government officials (many of whom were members of the Committee of Union and Progress, which was dissolved in 1918).
He undermined the influence of the ulama and of popular religious organizations.
Slamet Effendi Yusuf, a deputy chairman of Nahdlatul Ulama, one of Indonesia's largest Islamic organizations, liked the speech "because it showed that Obama knows about the people of Indonesia, our cultures and traditions, and mentioned what we have in common".
His father, Usman Iskandar, was a wood merchant, and his mother, a housewife, was the daughter of an ulama (scholar of Islam).
The drift into corruption and excess, and the gathering storm of retribution, form the book's meat.Undoubtedly, it could be better: it would have been useful to read much more about the beliefs and membership of Indonesia's two great Muslim groups, Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama, each of which claims tens of millions of followers.
Karamokho Alfa was constrained by the other eight ulama, each of whom ruled their own province, or diwal.
The silver lining surely lies in the fact that three of the five companies —Iscor, Sasol, and Telkom are successfully privatised state assets.Adrian SavilleJohannesburgPlaying onSIR – Your description of ulama tallies with the origin of many international sports ("Take me out to the ballgame", April 24th).
According to sharia politics, the leadership is not allowed to adopt decisions to ally with a state or implement an agreement with it if that violates sharia politics, as agreed on by the majority of ulama [religious scholars] and symbols of jihad.
As the head of the Taliban's council of ulama (Islamic scholars), he played a role like general counsel to both Omar and Mansur, providing Islamic legal justification for acts such as suicide bombings and targeted killings.
The principal explained that he was supporting General Wiranto because his running mate, Salahuddin Wahid, is the brother of Abdurrahman Wahid, the former leader of Nahdlatul Ulama and the spiritual leader of the school.
