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Dr. Wilmut had slipped an udder cell — a cell that normally would never be anything but an udder cell — into an egg whose genetic material had been removed.
The embryo was a clone – genetically identical to the adult sheep the udder cell came from.
The method used was cloning — using frozen cells of the last of the animals to try to create a new one, much like Dolly the sheep was cloned from a frozen udder cell of a sheep that had died years before.
The egg somehow brought the udder cell's chromosomes back to the state they had been in when embryo development first began.
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She was created by cloning the stored and frozen udder cells of a sheep that had been dead for years.
They said they had inserted genes derived from two species of spiders into kidney cells from baby hamsters and udder cells from cows.
In 1997, Ian Wilmut, a scientist in Scotland, announced the creation of the first cloned mammal, Dolly, cloned from frozen udder cells from a long-dead sheep.
The gene for the protein in question is inserted into a goat's egg, and to make sure that it is activated only in udder cells, an extra piece of DNA, known as a beta-caseine promoter, is added alongside it.
Dolly's genetic material, for example, was taken from one of her mother's udder cells.
A key difference, however, is that Dolly's donor cell came from adult udder cells growing in lab dishes (see ScienceNOW, 24 February), while the donor cells used to create the monkey clones came from early embryos.
Embryologist Ian Wilmut and his colleagues from Scotland's Roslin Institute first grew the udder cells in laboratory dishes, then put nuclei from those cells into ova whose DNA had been removed.
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