We chose B. subtilis because it is a typically used model Gram-positive organism in research (Zeigler et al. 2008) and allows us to compare with the data in our previous studies of its biofilm formation (Ren et al. 2004a; Ren et al. 2004b; Ren et al. 2002).
In drafting and evaluating their emissions-reducing plans, policymakers typically use models to simulate the amount of mercury that would remain in the atmosphere if certain measures were taken to reduce emissions at their source.
Consequently clinicians typically use models like BCRAT for women deemed at average risk and models like IBIS for women whose family history and genetic information indicate above-average risk.
Mr. Hanson said online travel agencies typically used four models for the hotel rooms they displayed: in one model, they act like a traditional brick-and-mortar travel agency, and the hotel pays the online travel agency a 5 percent commission; the second is the auction model like the one used by Priceline.com.com
A Bayesian hierarchical model is typically used to model these data, and a general specification is given by (1) where the disease counts are assumed to be conditionally independent given the covariates and the random effects.
Agent-based models (ABM) are typically used to model complex systems and reproduce communities of autonomous and intelligent agents, acting and interacting with the environment and the other agents according to their interests [80].
Similarly, rats and mice, typically used as models in biomedical research, are nocturnal not diurnal.
Most studies that have investigated change over time in CABGS patients [ 1, 3, 8- 10] have typically used linear models for data analyses, and assumed that individuals follow the same mean trajectory.
The most frequently used models typically assume hyper-rational and homogenous human behavior.
Definition wise, utility functions are mathematical modeling techniques that is typically used to model the relative preferences of UE at different timestamps.
Referee 1: Nicolas Galtier CNRS-Université Montpellier II Montpellier, France This manuscript implements a very good idea, namely injecting population genetic parameters, typically used to model microevolution, in substitution matrices, typically used to model long-term sequence evolution.
