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Genes related to signaling, transcription and apoptosis, such as IL-17D, NF-κB or calmodulin, were typically expressed as early as 3 hours post-challenge (hpc), while characteristic immune genes, such as PGRPs, FREPs and defense proteins appeared later at 8 hpc.
In addition, we found that the probe expression levels, typically expressed as fold difference between probe and mismatch probe are problematic to compare between ORFs with differing GC content.
Although the ER status of breast carcinomas is typically expressed as simply positive or negative, there is frequently considerable heterogeneity of ER expression among cells of the same tumor.
Capital strength is typically expressed as a ratio that compares a bank's capital with it assets.
The tax rate for any given property class, Ms. Stark said, is typically expressed as a specific dollar amount "per hundred dollars of assessed valuation".
Path loss (dB) is typically expressed as (2).
Similar(6)
For example, ER + tumors generally fall into the luminal A and B molecular subtypes, characterized by expression of the ER as well as cytokeratins typically expressed by luminal epithelial cells [ 1, 3].
Parents in both groups experienced hospitalization as stressful, as typically expressed by one of the mothers: "The most stressful time was here at the hospital.
Microarray assays are often used to compare expression levels between paired samples and for a variety of reasons, these comparisons are typically expressed for each gene as the logarithm base 2 of the ratio of the (background subtracted) fluorescent signals measured from each labeled sample [log2(R/ G)]; we refer to these as log-ratios.
Similar to CFBs, cardiac myoFBs are nonexcitable cells, but express a number of smooth muscle cell markers that are not typically expressed in quiescent CFBs, such as alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) [ 26], smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, vinculin, paxillin, and tensin [ 27].
It is typically expressed in Phred-scaled form as shown in equation 1, where ps is the posterior probability that the read originates at position u, L = | x| is the length of the reference genome x and l = | z| is a length of a read z.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com