Sentence examples for typical surface roughness from inspiring English sources
Determined via optical interferometry, typical surface roughness is 6 nm peak to valley.
Scale effects in a tribological contact are illustrated by explaining typical surface roughness related tribological mechanisms for diamond and DLC coated surfaces.
Typical surface roughness that is obtained from polishing process is in the range of ~0.1 [ 44, 45] to 3 μm [ 43]. Figure 2 shows the typical morphologies of Ti alloy polished using silicon carbide (SiC) grit papers.
Thin films produced by sol gel approach display excellent uniformity with typical surface roughness of ≈10 30 nm and a mean grain size of ≈100 nm, as determined by AFM surface topography.
To conserve mass, keeping temperature and velocity constant, an 800 tons/day emission requires a 14 m diameter Albedo 0.25 Fraction of total incident solar radiation reflected by the surface (typical value for grassland used) Bowen ratio 5 Net radiation at a surface (typical value for grassland used) Surface roughness 0.15 m Typical value for grassland used.
The ICP etching produced smooth surfaces with a typical root-mean-square surface roughness of 3 nm.
Parametric studies show that the vibration displacement of the wire decreases when the contact span expands, which explains the typical distribution of the surface roughness of a round wiresawn wafer.
The top surface of the Ge(111) virtual substrate is smooth, with a typical root-mean-square surface roughness of ≤2 nm.
This study, using a systemic design of experiments approach, investigates the effect of select manufacturing process parameters (de-moulding temperature, amount of release agent and environmental storage condition) on the ensuing surface roughness of typical GFRP moulds as used by industry.
For the AAO templates, an annealed high-purity (99.99%) aluminum foil was electropolished in a mixture of HClO4 (25% in volume ratio) and C2H5OH (75%) until the root mean square surface roughness of a typical 10 μm × 10 μm area was 1 nm.
Figure 9 shows the surface morphology of sample D and sample C. For the typical scan area of 1 × 1 μm2, the surface roughness of sample D and sample C was measured at 0.48 and 0.39 nm, respectively; for the typical scan area of 0.5 × 0.5 μm2, the surface roughness of sample D and sample C was measured at 0.46 and 0.27 nm, respectively.
