Because of the need to avoid the aggressive evaporation drying, typical operating pressures in freeze-drying are below 100 Pa.
The 5 μL microsyringe pump offered the best performance, with typical maximum operating pressures up to 11.4 ± 0.4 MPa (water) and gradient pumping repeatability of between 4 and 9% for gradients between 0.10% s−1 and 0.33% s−1.
MCNPX Computer code based on Mont Carlo Method, is used to design a three dimensional model for BWR fuel assembly in a typical operating temperature and pressure conditions.
MCNPX code based on Monte Carlo method, is used to design a three dimensional model for BWR fuel assembly in typical operating temperature and pressure conditions.
The Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport code, based on the Mont Carlo method, is used to design three dimensional models for BWR fuel bundles at typical operating temperatures and pressure conditions.
MCNPX (Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtend) computer code based on Mont Carlo method, is used to design two models for a BWR fuel bundle in a typical operating temperature and pressure conditions, the first is the oxide fuel bundle model and the second is the blanket seed (BS) bundle model.
Typical operating conditions were a temperature of 85 °C and a pressure of 83 bar.
As the field scale outflow data does not include typical operating conditions the model is further validated at higher pressures and longer pipelines by comparing outflow rates calculated using a commercial pipeline simulation package, PROFES.
Typical operating temperatures ranged from 700°C to 860°C, with an absolute pressure of 3.5 bars, reaching methane conversions over 80%.
The design features, operating experience and typical results such as membrane selection, element style, flow diagram, operating pressure, salt passage through membrane and change of permeate flux are described in detail.
