If ∂ 2 c ~ 2 ∂ r 2 ≤ 0, then depending on migration prospects and host-country relative risk θ h, three types of remittance-saving portfolios are possible: .
Remittances from Russia are worth more than a fifth of Tajikistan's economy (see chart).Though they are less volatile than many types of income, remittances are not immune to fluctuations.
In line with the explained empirical evidence, this model allows us to identify two distinct types of investment motives for remittances.8 First, when the expected returns to remittances are larger than the returns to savings, we say that remittances are sent with a "pure investment motive".
Robust standard errors clustered at the city-year level in parentheses *** p 0.01 ** p 0.05 * p 0.1 Table 5 Effect of unemployment rate (Spain or US) on the amount of remittances by type of household (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) A. Household whose head is female A.1.
The questionnaires ask about housing conditions, demographic characteristics, occupation and working conditions, schooling, income sources (among which there are remittances), certain types of social benefits, among others.
Additional variables directly related to migration such as IMW return history, frequency of remittances from the IMW and type of employment of the IMW were measured.
Also, it is crucial to explore the type of uses that remittances are typically given.
Do both types of policies have similar impacts on migrant remittances?
Traditionally, the economic literature on migrant remittances has distinguished two types of theoretical models, namely, the individual models and the "family" models.
This paper analyses how global integration of many types, ranging from remittances, state transfers, skilling and markets produced forest recovery in peasant landscapes.
