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We will instead focus on one clearly delineable sub-group, the so-called 100% bio regions, in which, nevertheless, all four mentioned types of decentralization can be found.
Devolution, as other types of decentralization (e.g. deconcentration, delegation, privatization), profoundly changes governance relations in the health system.
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But this type of decentralization and flexibility is difficult for governments to accept.
These countries are further unpacked by looking at type of decentralization using the classification proposed by Rondinelli [ 12].
The de-concentration type of decentralization also faced a number of challenges that culminated in its failure in the early 1980s.
Being found 'typical' and 'comparable' nonetheless recognizes substantial diversity between the districts for example pertaining to the degree and type of decentralization in each country.
But this type of decentralization was not obvious in urban areas where HIV/AIDS preventive services were mostly administered by local CDCs [ 13– 15].
The extent to which local health managers can influence the recruitment and appointment of qualified candidates depends on the type of decentralization, the nature of the country's public service system, and the degree of financial autonomy that the local level has for paying staff.
For this reason, it is relatively difficult to collect the precise and detailed operating information about urban rail transit systems in different cities because of the diversity of system types and the decentralization of their supervision.
In one type of unitary system, decentralization of power among subnational governments goes so far that in practice, although not in constitutional principle, they resemble federal arrangements.
In contrast, the foundation for the second type of initiative is decentralization, which occurs when research projects and institutions maintain and provide their own data separately (Cuticchia, 2000; Letovsky et al., 1998; Shoman et al., 1995, Skupski et al., 1999) This integration model requires a protocol that will allow the user to retrieve information in a robust manner.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com