For some areas of land located well away from the Chernobyl nuclear unit, the mosaic-like pattern of Cs accumulated in mushrooms (Boletus mushrooms) can reflect possible local differences in the density of fallout and the type of nuclides available to fungi when compared to what can be deduced from the expected pattern associated with pollution by Cs in European soils.
Excess 210Pb, defined as the difference between the radioactivities of measured 210Pb and 214Pb, is a type of radioactive nuclide provided from the ground surface through the atmosphere that decays with a half-life time of 22.3 years.
It is shown that the type of fertile nuclides has no virtual effect on the formation of the neutron flux density spectrum.
The transmutation detector method could be used primarily for long-term measurement of neutron fluence in fission nuclear reactors, but in principle it could be used for any type of radiation that can cause transmutation of nuclides in detectors.
FCh was developed as a more versatile alternative, thanks to the longer half-life of nuclide fluorine-18 (about 110 minutes).
Replacing these diagnostic radionuclides with alternative nuclides that emit a different type of radiation converts imaging tracers into drugs that deliver potent and targeted molecular treatment.
Contrarily to previous studies that used to describe both slow and fast muons, only one type of muons will be considered in this paper and nuclide accumulation at depth will be described by a single exponential.
Depending on the total thickness of the shells and the type of materials used, it is possible to confine all recoiling daughter nuclides inside the nanoparticles.
The term nuclide is not synonymous with isotope, which is any member of a set of nuclides having the same atomic number but differing mass number.
The concentration of nuclides was assumed to be proportional to the γ-ray intensity.
Simulation output for the entire decay chain (nuclide activity, mass, number of nuclides, nuclide ratios) can be presented as a function of time with various graphical presentations such as solid curve and column diagrams or animation.
