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Therefore, this type of handover also needs to be predicted, to avoid packet losses.
The type of handover that takes place in a heterogeneous network is called vertical handover whereas the type of handover that happens in a homogeneous network is called horizontal handover.
In this type of handover, the mobile device will be responsible for initiating the handover, acquiring and releasing the resources in the new and old network respectively.
While, this type of handover works fine in current systems, where the core network is controlled by a sole operator and thus information about the topology of different networks is available, this type of handover is not suitable for heterogeneous environments, since multiple operators coexist in the core network.
Finally, our focus was on only one type of handover: change of shift.
Table 4 provides an overview of the frequency with which particular content was communicated during each type of handover.
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In this section, various types of handover are presented first, and then the handover procedure of LTE is briefly described.
However, from the UE's viewpoint, there is no difference between the two types of handover [25].
Hereby, considering a random direction of movement and no bouncing circle enables different types of handover (macro-to-macro and pico(macro -to-macro(pico).
The value of Ki,a(t) depends on several factors, such as the types of handover and the current traffic load on the serving node.
Therefore, we filtered out ping-pong HOs by removing the last HO event, in this specific case the HO event from B to A. Fig. 5 Different types of handover.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com