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To obtain a measure for the total amount of loaded vesicles, we completely destained boutons using a twofold stimulation with 900 APs at 30 Hz [12].
Relative to control cytosol, forskolin-treated cytosol led to a 1.5 - to twofold stimulation in mitochondrial fusion.
As expected, Aβ42 protein immunization induced a twofold stimulation compared to immunized control mice, whereas coimmunization did not induce any T-cell proliferation.
Unfortunately, none of the T. reesei GNATs has so far been functionally investigated, but one – Trire2:120120 – has been shown to be induced on the cellulase inducing carbon sources cellulose [ 34, 35] and lactose [ 36], is downregulated in T. reesei Δlae1 strain [ 6] and its overexpression in T. reesei leads to a twofold stimulation of cellulase production.
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When cell outgrowth occurred (appearance of cell clumps and acidification of medium), cells were expanded twofold per stimulation.
The more than twofold difference in stimulation between the two types of detritus must be caused by the stronger oxygen effect on decay of refractory detritus.
Signaling via TLR2 by peptidoglycan was found to upregulate moderately ICAM-1 expression (SS-SGEC: onefold, controls: twofold) after 24-hour stimulation.
The c-Cbl docking site Y1045 exhibited a very different response profile: spontaneous phosphorylation was weakly increased with EGFR expression (~ twofold increase), whereas EGF stimulation clearly resulted in phosphorylation levels that were independent of EGFR expression.
The effect of pH on Arp2/3 complex mediated actin filament assembly was also tested and showed that decreasing the pH from 7 to 6 increased nucleation twofold without VCA, while stimulation by diVCA and mutants differed by <1.5-fold.
A small induction of TIMP-1 (approximately twofold) after IL-1+OSM stimulation was seen in the cartilage, and although there was no clear regulation of either TIMP-2 or TIMP-3 by IL-1+OSM, there was a gradual reduction in expression levels during the culture period irrespective of the stimulation.
For example, in patient S137 a high percentage of HLA-DR-Lin cells was observed in DCs, and concomitantly IFN-γ lymphocyte production was reduced twofold after DC-Tu stimulation, indicating that DCs were not only nonimmunogenic but were actually tolerogenic in this patient.
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