Smokers had twofold hazards of cardiovascular mortality compared with never smokers, which, in terms of risk advancement periods, advanced the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease by 5.5 years.
In a Cox model comparing severe with mild changes and adjusted for clinical factors of functional decline, the risk of transition to disability or death was more than twofold higher (hazard ratio 2.36, 95% confidence interval 1.65 to 3.81).
Later, Schürks et al. confirmed a twofold increased hazard of ischaemic stroke in migraine patients, particularly women, affected with MA, aged < 45 years, smokers and with a history of the use of oral contraceptives.
A positive BM finding was a significant prognostic factor with respect to poor overall survival and breast-cancer specific survival with more than twofold increased hazard ratios.
After adjustment for covariates, acute kidney injury was still associated with an almost twofold increased hazard for hospital mortality (Table 5, panel A).
Breast cancers were temporally associated with onset of SSc among patients with anti-RNAP, and SSc patients with anti-RNAP had a twofold increased hazard ratio for cancers compared to patients with ACAs (P < 0.0001).
There was a twofold increased (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.5 2.3, P < 0.0001) risk of suicide/suicide attempt during the first 3 years after diagnosis in patients with hematological malignancies compared to matched controls.
When models were adjusted for clinic, photon field, beam energy, boost method, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and hormone therapy (Table 2), there was more than a twofold increase in hazard of toxicity among women with GSTP1 GG genotypes (adjusted hazard ratio 2.28, 95% confidence interval 1.04 4.99), in comparison with women with common AA genotypes.
Patients whose tumours are positive for RRM2 and TS have a significantly worse survival with a twofold increased adjusted hazard in patients with NSCLC overexpressing these markers.
