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C. Representative amplification plots of twofold copy number difference for IL23R in pulmonary TB samples compared to controls.
To examine the copy number of the genes, quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR) was performed in triplicate, and we defined that over twofold copy number was gene amplification.
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Magmas-overexpressing cells showed approximately twofold increase in mtDNA copy number as compared with controls.
Because real-time PCR is not well suited for the detection of less than twofold differences in template copy numbers, special conditions had to be introduced to detect the 1.5-fold difference in template concentration occurring in trisomy 21.
Following the induction of HSR-GBM1 cells into astrocytes with continuous treatment with 5-azaC or VitC, there was a twofold increase in mtDNA copy number for both 5-azaC-treated and VitC-treated HSR-GBM1-derived astrocytes on day 7 (P<0.001; Figure 7a; Supplementary Figure S3A).
Furthermore, both cell lines increased mtDNA copy number by twofold or more.
Histidine H1061 was defined as a key catalytic residue that is required in single copy in the twofold symmetric active site of the Ire1 RNase.
Using this approach to quantitative RT-PCR, it was possible to reliably and reproducibly identify twofold changes in absolute mRNA copy number.
To explore this, CGH analysis found an approximately twofold log2 ratio (corresponding to copy number) of the chromosomes with loss of heterozygosity in comparison with the chromosomes that have both the serotype A and D parental chromosomal homologs, and thus the monomorphic chromosome has undergone duplication after the loss of one parental chromosome.
The expected expression level of the mw reporter gene was twofold lower in heterozygotes (carrying one copy of the mw gene) compared with homozygotes (carrying two copies of the mw gene).
This 5 1 ratio cannot be explained by the twofold difference of the X-chromosome copy number between the sexes.
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