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Based on Eq. (7), the clustering process represented in Eq. (5) is transformed through a two-step transformation as follows.
Following [6, Section 8.2], this may be overcome with a two-step transformation of the process (Z t )t≥0.
Freestanding Film A shows a multi-stage transformation, while freestanding Film B has a two-step transformation during cooling.
MNA CA converted >97% FFA in grease (17 wt.% FFA) to FAME in 12 h (0.45 wt.% catalyst), being useful in two-step transformation of grease to biodiesel.
Apart from previous models for direct γ → α′ transformation, two-step transformation composed of γ → ε followed by ε → α′ is regarded as a main transformation path.
For the films with a Ti content of 51.3%, a two-step transformation was observed among martensite, R-phase and austenite.
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Minimizing the strain and interface energy yields a two step transformation from B2 to the R-phase and finally to B19′.
The one-step transformation concept is adopted for easy programming.
The outer and inner step-by-step transformation was phenomenal to observe and capture.
The 2nd step is a calcination in ambient conditions which enables the complete transformation of Co II)O to Co3O4 without degrading the mechanical strength of the Co3O4-CP interface.
2nd step.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com