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Among the two-step approaches, the least inclusive thresholds (e.g. 100th percentile thresholds for ENFA and BIOCLIM) exhibited the lowest AUC values.
Since the first and second stages are discrete outcomes, none of the two-step approaches explored earlier is applicable.
If the patient has malocclusion, two-step approaches, such as resection followed by orthognathic surgery have been used.
It is worth noting that though the two-step approaches possess some weaknesses, they are by far better than the one-step approaches.
In this work, the one-step and two-step approaches for efficient design and prediction of cellular structure's performance were presented for developing ultra-lightweight and high-strength cellular composites reinforced by discontinuous fibers.
Due to the complexity of the ML estimator in (4), a two-step time-delay estimation approach is proposed in this paper, as shown in Figure 3. Two-step approaches are commonly used in optimization/estimation problems in order to provide suboptimal solutions with reduced computational complexity [31, 32].
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The presence of ESBL was detected by a two-step approach as per recommendations of the CLSI [ 17]: i.e. screening of resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins by MIC and/or disk diffusion testing and by phenotypic confirmatory tests for the presence of ESBLs (disc diffusion and/or MIC susceptibility testing of 3rd generation cephalosporins in the presence of clavulanic acid).
We suggest a two-step approach.
Note that the 1st step approach (definition of a best-fit model) allowed us to avoid the exploration of a wide range of unlikely parameter values in the 2nd step approach (ABC co-estimation).
With respect to African populations, we excluded expansion rates values near to the constant size assumption (αA<0.002) since both classical neutrality tests (Table 1) and the best-fit approach (1st step) confirmed that African populations have experienced an expansion.
The parameters ranges obtained using the best-fit approach (1st step, Figure 3B C) were obtained under non-optimal conditions, that is, considering independently the African expansion and the non-African bottleneck.
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