Sentence examples for two types of substitution from inspiring English sources

In the main part, we considered protein alignment for two types of substitution matrices, i.e. BLOSUM and PAM matrices.

Here, although we did not find such a difference in the two types of substitution, we do note that the duplicated genes are not identical at the nucleotide level despite showing a signal of conversion in synonymous substitutions (table 2).

We used a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation method to estimate divergence times of the 10 rice pairs, selection coefficients of nonsynonymous substitutions, and two types of substitution rates by applying a time-dependent Poisson random field (PRF) model to the available data (Amei and Sawyer 2010, 2012).

The analysis of bioisosteric substitutions for 5-HT6R ligandshoweded two types of substitutions that enhanced activity: 2-substituted pyridine ring substituted by other aromatic systems, especially phenyl (Table  3), and nitrile group, which are interchangeable with any halogen.

There are two types of substitutions we consider.

Sites in which both synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions were observed (e.g., third positions in two-codon series) were analyzed independently for the two types of substitutions.

K a/K svalues are used to estimate the two types of substitutions events by calculating the synonymous rate (K s) and the non-synonymous rate (K a), at each codon site.

Although our experimental strategy aims to emphasise only one of the four types of substitution mechanism in each group of experiments, it is important to recognise that absorption bands corresponding to some of the other substitution mechanisms are a minor feature of most of the spectra (Figs. 3, 4 and 5).

For this analysis, a general time-reversible (GTR) model of DNA substitution was used [ 79, 80], involving unequal base frequencies and six types of substitution.

For the evolutionary analysis of protein-coding sequences, particularly phylogenetic inference, three types of substitution models can be used, provided that both DNA and protein sequences are available; nucleotide [ 1- 3], amino acid [ 4- 12], and codon substitution models [ 7, 13- 27].

Both exposed and buried amino acid positions led to improved organic solvent resistance for all the four types of substitutions.