Exact(1)
From the beginning, Evans was fascinated by lettered signs, and he emphasized the obvious connection between language and photography: they were two surrogates of reality, words and pictures each being meaningful but incomplete and often misleading by themselves.
Similar(59)
This paper presents experimental data for the oxidation of two surrogates for the large alkylbenzene class of compounds contained in diesel fuels, namely n-decylbenzene.
Adding the forced component of natural temperature change (due to volcanic and solar impacts) to each of these surrogates yields an ensemble of a million surrogates for the total natural component of temperature variation.
The five testing methods differed in their rankings of effectiveness of the two surrogates in relation to different groups of test features.
Furthermore, the association between frequency of escape and relative hazard predicted by our hypothesis, as well as being confirmed in a large (N = 150) cohort (P = 0.001), was also confirmed using an alternative method in two large independent cohorts (P = 0.006, P = 0.0007) using two surrogate markers of the frequency of escape.
A strength of the h-index is that it evaluates two surrogate measures of research, quantity (evaluated by the number of publications) and quality (evaluated by the number of citations of publications), and presents them as a single number.
In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (FMD) and carotid artery intima-media wall thickness (IMT), two surrogate markers of atherosclerosis, in a series of Spanish patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) without clinically evident cardiovascular (CV) disease.
One limitation of our study is that we compare VPW to two surrogate measures of intravascular volume, CVP and PAOP, and not a direct measure of intravascular volume, such as right (RVEDV) or left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV).
Moreover, hypertension and proteinuria (two surrogate markers of systemic VEGF inhibition) as well as the impairment of wound healing are other potential consequences of blocking VEGF and would be particularly worrying to the diabetic population (14).
Analytical precision, expressed as mean ± SD coefficient of variation for six triplicate and three duplicate hair samples, was 9 ± 8% for ∑PCBs, 9 ± 7% for p, p′-DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene), 20 ± 9% for percentage lipid, and 7 ± 5% and 3±3%3% for recoveries of two surrogates.
However, there is no good correlation between these two surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease in RA.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com