Twenty discrete characters were also identified and coded in each Geograpsus species and in Grapsus tenuicrustatus, representing the putative sister genus [99].
Nineteen discrete characters were scored for each adult male individual (Additional files 3, 4).
We examined three discrete characters, two of which are taxonomically important: long setae present or absent on the margins of the forewings and setae erect or adpressed on the hind femora, respectively (Table 1).
Four discrete character states were assigned to the growth habitats of the terminal nodes: shallow water (character state 0), outer shelf and slope (state 1), oceanic midwater (state 2) and freshwater (state 3).
Chromosomal bands were considered as characters, existing under three possible discrete character states: gain, loss and normal (i.e. no mutation).
Number of inflection points was analyzed both as continuous, reflecting the continuous nature of the data, but also as a two and four state discrete character to facilitate additional analyses that require ordinal data (Table 1, [see Additional files 5 and 9]).
Nine discrete morphological characters of flower and fruit morphology were measured from specimens at BISH, NY, PTBG, and US and ten morphological characters were derived from species descriptions ([ 29, 30] Table 2).
For the reconstruction of discrete characters (three mating behavior types: DC, DC/P1, P2), we conducted parsimony reconstruction using Mesquite, version 2.5 [50].
VICE accepts that these two fictional superheroes are utterly discrete characters and begs humbly for your forgiveness.
We also tested character associations between discrete characters of sociality and tonal sound complexity using two different methods.
For readers, there is also the immense onus of needing to master thousands upon thousands of discrete characters to attain even basic literacy: Compare the mere two dozen or so characters that users of alphabets have to learn.
