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Model M1a allows two classes of sites: one class with dN/dS varying freely between 0 and 1, and another one with dN/dS = 1 [22].
For example, the M1 model (neutral) assumes two classes of sites in proteins: the conserved sites (ω = 0) and the neutral sites (ω = 1).
Importantly, the comparison of model A with a model called M1a [37] that assumes only two classes of sites, with 0<ω<0 and ω = 1, is highly significant (Table 2).
The nearly neutral model (M1a) assumes two classes of sites: one is under purifying selection with 0<ω0<1, the other is under neutral evolution with ω1 = 1, and was compared to the positive selection model (M2a) in which an additional ω parameter is included that allows positive selection where present (ω>1).
The nearly-neutral model (Nssites 1a) assumes two classes of sites in the protein, with ω < 1 and ω = 1.
Thus, a comparison between these two classes of sites can provide information regarding the relative strength of purifying selection.
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In the M1 model, there are four classes of sites with ω fixed below 1, while M2 allows a fraction of sites to have ω>1 on user-selected ("foreground") branches [34].
Model A has four classes of sites: class 0 includes conserved codons with 0<ω5 0)<1 is estimated from the data; class 1 includes codons that evolve neutrally (ω5(1) = 1); classes 2a and 2b include codons that are conserved or neutral on the background branches, but are under positive selection on the foreground branch, with ω5(2)>1 estimated from the data.
The model assumes four classes of sites.
The alternative model assumes four classes of sites in terms of ω.
Model MA defines four classes of sites, where the two last classes have ω > 1 on the lineage of interest and ω < 1 for the rest of branches.
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