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Low/high index plane combinations are observed for most Σ GBs; furthermore, most Σ GBs have both tilt and twist components.
It is concluded that a slight twist component of the boundary is the origin of the characteristic multiple-partial-structures.
A grain boundary with a large twist component could cause a short crack to arrest or branch.
This behavior is interpreted in terms of the structure of the investigated planar 18.2° 〈1 0 0〉 non-tilt grain boundary with a 20° twist component.
A novel approach for quantitative measurements of grain boundary (GB) excess volume has been developed using correlative analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and successfully demonstrated for several simulated symmetrical [100] tilt GB configurations as well as for the experimental case of an Al bicrystal containing a near Σ13 GB with an additional twist component.
In the protein-free DNA molecule, DNA superhelicity is partitioned into a twist component, Tw, which is reflected in a twisting or untwisting of the double helix for positively and negatively supercoiled DNA respectively, and a writhe component, Wr, which is a measure of the three-dimensional path of the double helical axis.
Moreover, mixed grain boundaries with approximately equal amount of tilt and twist components do not exhibit high energies.
The tilt and twist components of the grain boundaries were calculated making use of the interface plane scheme representation of grain boundaries.
Several low-angle symmetrical [0 0 1]-tilt grain boundaries and an asymmetrical grain boundary with both tilt and twist components were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, conventional transmission electron microscopy, and impedance spectroscopy.
A Möbius strip is a paradromic ring with a half-twist: that is a surface with only one side and one boundary component, formed by twisting a strip and connecting the ends to form a loop.
The proposed approach has been proven efficient to adapt meshes for various realistic aerodynamic motions: a symmetric wing that has suffered large tip bending and twisting and the high-lift components of a swept wing that has moved to different flight stages.
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